Back to Colleges

University of Pennsylvania

Basic Information

Type Private
Geographical Reach National
Population 5,000,000
United States map with state borders, rivers, lakes, and Alaska and Hawaii insets
Philadelphia, PA

Weather

Comfortable Days 105 (50%)
Sunshine Hours 2,540 (45%)
Days Without Precipitation 248 (54%)

Demographics

Total Undergraduates 10,280
Men / Women 45% / 55%
From State 15%
From Region 29%
Athletes 942 (9.2%)

Racial/Ethnic

Asian 29%
White 26%
International 13%
Hispanic 11%
Black 9%
Mixed 5%
Native American 0%

Men in the Entering Class

0% 15% 30% 45% 60% 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2011 Men: 50.4% 50.4% 2012 Men: 50.0% 50.0% 2013 Men: 49.0% 49.0% 2014 Men: 49.1% 49.1% 2015 Men: 48.5% 48.5% 2016 Men: 48.0% 48.0% 2017 Men: 47.2% 47.2% 2018 Men: 45.2% 45.2% 2019 Men: 48.0% 48.0% 2020 Men: 48.0% 48.0% 2021 Men: 46.0% 46.0% 2022 Men: 45.9% 45.9% 2023 Men: 44.3% 44.3% 2024 Men: 46.1% 46.1% 2025 Men: 46.1% 46.1%

Men as a share of full-time, first-time degree/certificate-seeking undergraduates. Fall enrollment through 2019; 12-month enrollment from 2020 (dashed line). 2025 covers 2024–25. Changes across 2020 may reflect the reporting period.

Entering Class by Race & Ethnicity

0% 12% 24% 36% 48% 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2011 Native: 0.1% 0.1% 2012 Native: 0.2% 0.2% 2013 Native: 0.2% 0.2% 2014 Native: 0.1% 0.1% 2015 Native: 0.2% 0.2% 2016 Native: 0.1% 0.1% 2017 Native: 0.2% 0.2% 2018 Native: 0.2% 0.2% 2019 Native: 0.1% 0.1% 2020 Native: 0.1% 0.1% 2021 Native: 0.3% 0.3% 2022 Native: 0.1% 0.1% 2023 Native: 0.1% 0.1% 2024 Native: 0.2% 0.2% 2025 Native: 0.1% 0.1% 2011 Asian: 17.6% 17.6% 2012 Asian: 18.9% 18.9% 2013 Asian: 19.2% 19.2% 2014 Asian: 19.5% 19.5% 2015 Asian: 19.9% 19.9% 2016 Asian: 20.9% 20.9% 2017 Asian: 20.3% 20.3% 2018 Asian: 22.5% 22.5% 2019 Asian: 23.5% 23.5% 2020 Asian: 23.5% 23.5% 2021 Asian: 31.1% 31.1% 2022 Asian: 27.7% 27.7% 2023 Asian: 29.4% 29.4% 2024 Asian: 30.0% 30.0% 2025 Asian: 30.0% 30.0% 2011 Black: 7.5% 7.5% 2012 Black: 7.4% 7.4% 2013 Black: 7.4% 7.4% 2014 Black: 6.3% 6.3% 2015 Black: 6.9% 6.9% 2016 Black: 8.3% 8.3% 2017 Black: 6.8% 6.8% 2018 Black: 7.5% 7.5% 2019 Black: 8.1% 8.1% 2020 Black: 8.1% 8.1% 2021 Black: 7.1% 7.1% 2022 Black: 8.0% 8.0% 2023 Black: 9.1% 9.1% 2024 Black: 9.8% 9.8% 2025 Black: 9.7% 9.7% 2011 Hispanic: 11.3% 11.3% 2012 Hispanic: 10.3% 10.3% 2013 Hispanic: 9.7% 9.7% 2014 Hispanic: 10.2% 10.2% 2015 Hispanic: 10.9% 10.9% 2016 Hispanic: 10.2% 10.2% 2017 Hispanic: 10.9% 10.9% 2018 Hispanic: 10.2% 10.2% 2019 Hispanic: 10.3% 10.3% 2020 Hispanic: 10.3% 10.3% 2021 Hispanic: 10.8% 10.8% 2022 Hispanic: 10.7% 10.7% 2023 Hispanic: 10.7% 10.7% 2024 Hispanic: 12.3% 12.3% 2025 Hispanic: 12.5% 12.5% 2011 White: 43.4% 43.4% 2012 White: 43.1% 43.1% 2013 White: 44.5% 44.5% 2014 White: 44.7% 44.7% 2015 White: 41.9% 41.9% 2016 White: 42.0% 42.0% 2017 White: 40.3% 40.3% 2018 White: 37.9% 37.9% 2019 White: 34.8% 34.8% 2020 White: 34.7% 34.7% 2021 White: 30.6% 30.6% 2022 White: 30.7% 30.7% 2023 White: 26.0% 26.0% 2024 White: 24.0% 24.0% 2025 White: 23.9% 23.9% 2011 International: 11.7% 11.7% 2012 International: 11.7% 11.7% 2013 International: 10.8% 10.8% 2014 International: 11.4% 11.4% 2015 International: 11.9% 11.9% 2016 International: 12.9% 12.9% 2017 International: 13.8% 13.8% 2018 International: 13.1% 13.1% 2019 International: 13.3% 13.3% 2020 International: 13.3% 13.3% 2021 International: 11.3% 11.3% 2022 International: 13.3% 13.3% 2023 International: 13.2% 13.2% 2024 International: 13.3% 13.3% 2025 International: 13.4% 13.4%

Share of full-time, first-time degree/certificate-seeking undergraduates. Two or more races and race unknown are omitted, so the lines do not sum to 100%. Fall enrollment through 2019; 12-month enrollment from 2020 (dashed line). 2025 covers 2024–25. Changes across 2020 may reflect the reporting period.

Enrolled Undergraduates

0 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2011 Total: 10,102 10,102 2012 Total: 10,118 10,118 2013 Total: 10,142 10,142 2014 Total: 10,205 10,205 2015 Total: 10,219 10,219 2016 Total: 10,231 10,231 2017 Total: 10,262 10,262 2018 Total: 10,356 10,356 2019 Total: 10,195 10,195 2020 Total: 10,336 10,336 2021 Total: 10,144 10,144 2022 Total: 9,978 9,978 2023 Total: 10,269 10,269 2024 Total: 10,421 10,421 2025 Total: 10,280 10,280 2011 Men: 4,889 4,889 2012 Men: 4,977 4,977 2013 Men: 4,963 4,963 2014 Men: 5,005 5,005 2015 Men: 4,946 4,946 2016 Men: 4,933 4,933 2017 Men: 4,908 4,908 2018 Men: 4,857 4,857 2019 Men: 4,741 4,741 2020 Men: 4,819 4,819 2021 Men: 4,668 4,668 2022 Men: 4,555 4,555 2023 Men: 4,665 4,665 2024 Men: 4,712 4,712 2025 Men: 4,671 4,671 2011 Women: 5,213 5,213 2012 Women: 5,141 5,141 2013 Women: 5,179 5,179 2014 Women: 5,200 5,200 2015 Women: 5,273 5,273 2016 Women: 5,298 5,298 2017 Women: 5,354 5,354 2018 Women: 5,499 5,499 2019 Women: 5,454 5,454 2020 Women: 5,517 5,517 2021 Women: 5,476 5,476 2022 Women: 5,423 5,423 2023 Women: 5,604 5,604 2024 Women: 5,709 5,709 2025 Women: 5,609 5,609

Full-time degree/certificate-seeking undergraduates across all years of study. Fall enrollment through 2019; 12-month enrollment from 2020 (dashed line). 2025 covers 2024–25. Changes across 2020 may reflect the reporting period.

Enrolled Undergraduates by Race & Ethnicity

0% 15% 30% 45% 60% 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2011 Native: 0.4% 0.4% 2012 Native: 0.3% 0.3% 2013 Native: 0.2% 0.2% 2014 Native: 0.1% 0.1% 2015 Native: 0.1% 0.1% 2016 Native: 0.1% 0.1% 2017 Native: 0.1% 0.1% 2018 Native: 0.2% 0.2% 2019 Native: 0.1% 0.1% 2020 Native: 0.2% 0.2% 2021 Native: 0.2% 0.2% 2022 Native: 0.1% 0.1% 2023 Native: 0.1% 0.1% 2024 Native: 0.1% 0.1% 2025 Native: 0.2% 0.2% 2011 Asian: 18.4% 18.4% 2012 Asian: 18.6% 18.6% 2013 Asian: 18.4% 18.4% 2014 Asian: 19.2% 19.2% 2015 Asian: 19.5% 19.5% 2016 Asian: 20.1% 20.1% 2017 Asian: 20.4% 20.4% 2018 Asian: 21.1% 21.1% 2019 Asian: 22.1% 22.1% 2020 Asian: 22.1% 22.1% 2021 Asian: 24.3% 24.3% 2022 Asian: 26.2% 26.2% 2023 Asian: 27.1% 27.1% 2024 Asian: 28.7% 28.7% 2025 Asian: 29.3% 29.3% 2011 Black: 7.0% 7.0% 2012 Black: 7.0% 7.0% 2013 Black: 7.1% 7.1% 2014 Black: 6.9% 6.9% 2015 Black: 7.0% 7.0% 2016 Black: 7.2% 7.2% 2017 Black: 7.0% 7.0% 2018 Black: 7.2% 7.2% 2019 Black: 7.6% 7.6% 2020 Black: 7.6% 7.6% 2021 Black: 7.5% 7.5% 2022 Black: 7.6% 7.6% 2023 Black: 8.1% 8.1% 2024 Black: 8.5% 8.5% 2025 Black: 8.8% 8.8% 2011 Hispanic: 8.1% 8.1% 2012 Hispanic: 9.1% 9.1% 2013 Hispanic: 9.9% 9.9% 2014 Hispanic: 10.4% 10.4% 2015 Hispanic: 10.2% 10.2% 2016 Hispanic: 10.0% 10.0% 2017 Hispanic: 10.3% 10.3% 2018 Hispanic: 10.4% 10.4% 2019 Hispanic: 10.2% 10.2% 2020 Hispanic: 10.2% 10.2% 2021 Hispanic: 10.4% 10.4% 2022 Hispanic: 10.3% 10.3% 2023 Hispanic: 10.6% 10.6% 2024 Hispanic: 11.1% 11.1% 2025 Hispanic: 11.5% 11.5% 2011 White: 46.2% 46.2% 2012 White: 46.2% 46.2% 2013 White: 46.0% 46.0% 2014 White: 45.1% 45.1% 2015 White: 44.6% 44.6% 2016 White: 44.6% 44.6% 2017 White: 43.4% 43.4% 2018 White: 41.5% 41.5% 2019 White: 39.1% 39.1% 2020 White: 39.0% 39.0% 2021 White: 36.3% 36.3% 2022 White: 33.9% 33.9% 2023 White: 31.4% 31.4% 2024 White: 29.0% 29.0% 2025 White: 26.4% 26.4% 2011 International: 10.9% 10.9% 2012 International: 11.1% 11.1% 2013 International: 10.9% 10.9% 2014 International: 11.2% 11.2% 2015 International: 11.5% 11.5% 2016 International: 11.8% 11.8% 2017 International: 12.4% 12.4% 2018 International: 12.9% 12.9% 2019 International: 13.3% 13.3% 2020 International: 13.4% 13.4% 2021 International: 13.0% 13.0% 2022 International: 13.3% 13.3% 2023 International: 13.0% 13.0% 2024 International: 12.7% 12.7% 2025 International: 13.0% 13.0%

Share of full-time degree/certificate-seeking undergraduates across all years of study. Two or more races and race unknown are omitted, so the lines do not sum to 100%. Fall enrollment through 2019; 12-month enrollment from 2020 (dashed line). 2025 covers 2024–25. Changes across 2020 may reflect the reporting period.

Parental Income

Applied Enrolled
0 1× 2× 3× 4× bottom 40% of parental income: applied at 1.01× the rate of same-score students bottom 40% of parental income: enrolled at 0.58× the rate of same-score students 40th–70th percentile of parental income: applied at 0.86× the rate of same-score students 40th–70th percentile of parental income: enrolled at 0.63× the rate of same-score students 70th–90th percentile of parental income: applied at 0.87× the rate of same-score students 70th–90th percentile of parental income: enrolled at 0.78× the rate of same-score students 90th–99th percentile of parental income: applied at 1.04× the rate of same-score students 90th–99th percentile of parental income: enrolled at 0.97× the rate of same-score students 99th–99.9th percentile of parental income: applied at 1.30× the rate of same-score students 99th–99.9th percentile of parental income: enrolled at 2.13× the rate of same-score students top 0.1% of parental income: applied at 1.35× the rate of same-score students top 0.1% of parental income: enrolled at 3.25× the rate of same-score students 0–40% 40–70% 70–90% Top 10% Top 1% Top 0.1%

Parental income percentile. The groups do not overlap: Top 10% is the 90th–99th percentile and Top 1% the 99th–99.9th. 1× = the rate at which students with the same SAT/ACT scores from all income groups applied or enrolled. Opportunity Insights, test takers from the 2011, 2013 and 2015 cohorts.

IPEDS Fall Enrollment (2011–2019) and 12-month Enrollment (2020–2025). The dashed line at 2020 marks the change in reporting period. Missing reports leave gaps.

Schools & Majors

⇅ Ranked Trends Degrees Male White Asian Black Hispanic Intl Earnings Earn % Earn z ROI Employment Debt-to-Earn Accept SAT p25 SAT p75
School of Arts and Sciences 1,831 44% 34% 26% 8% 12% 11% $113,217 98 +2.58 95 94% 3.6%
Computer Science & Mathematics 6 +1 67% 17% 17% 17% 33% 17% $190,132 91 +1.70 100 — — — — —
Chemistry 27 +5 26% 33% 52% 7% 4% 4% $85,043 94 +1.30 75 — — — — —
Earth and Environmental Science 13 +3 38% 23% 31% 0% 8% 31% $72,735 83 +0.69 51 — — — — —
Logic, Information, & Computation 150 +59 68% 16% 45% 1% 5% 22% $203,161 100 +2.99 100 98% — — — —
Mathematics 33 +13 67% 52% 12% 6% 12% 12% $158,770 96 +2.77 100 — — — — —
Physics 31 +3 55% 35% 23% 0% 13% 26% $98,081 88 +1.04 87 100% — — — —
Statistics and Data Science 38 +23 66% 5% 39% 0% 5% 29% $186,204 96 +2.45 100 94% — — — —
Biochemistry 30 +5 47% 13% 33% 13% 17% 7% $79,017 80 +0.67 65 — — — — —
Biology 158 +14 39% 27% 42% 9% 11% 4% $91,918 99 +2.96 82 98% — — — —
Biomedical Sciences 9 — 67% 11% 44% 11% 0% 22% $91,918 98 +2.01 82 98% — — — —
Biophysics 5 +11 20% 60% 20% 0% 20% 0% $80,585 81 +0.81 68 — — — — —
Neuroscience 102 +4 38% 21% 37% 9% 20% 4% $68,973 56 +0.18 41 89% — — — —
Environmental Studies 13 +10 31% 23% 23% 0% 31% 8% $69,968 92 +1.42 43 — — — — —
Health and Societies 88 +8 16% 19% 33% 20% 15% 2% $99,835 98 +2.15 88 89% — — — —
Economics 1 — 100% 0% 0% 100% 0% 0% $138,209 90 +1.51 99 96% — — — —
Mathematical Economics 155 +30 68% 28% 30% 5% 10% 18% $138,209 90 +1.51 99 96% — — — —
Africana Studies 3 +4 33% 0% 0% 100% 0% 0% $72,208 84 +1.03 49 — — — — —
Ancient History 32 +13 53% 50% 12% 6% 16% 9% $80,526 96 +2.31 68 85% — — — —
Applied Arts and Sciences 6 — 83% 50% 0% 0% 17% 17% $61,977 81 +0.45 22 94% — — — —
Classical Studies 8 +2 25% 62% 12% 0% 12% 0% $76,590 96 +1.65 60 — — — — —
Comparative Literature 3 +2 0% 33% 0% 0% 0% 33% $70,411 97 +2.19 44 — — — — —
East Asian Languages 4 +4 25% 50% 25% 0% 25% 0% $73,328 85 +1.12 52 — — — — —
English 40 +18 38% 48% 18% 2% 18% 8% $71,190 98 +2.29 46 96% — — — —
Francophone, Italian and Germanic Studies — — — — — — — — $76,016 95 +1.60 59 — — — — —
Francophone, Italian and Germanic Studies 1 +1 0% 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% $76,355 96 +1.63 59 — — — — —
French 2 +3 50% 50% 0% 0% 50% 0% $76,256 96 +1.62 59 — — — — —
Gender, Sexuality, & Women's Studies 4 +2 25% 50% 0% 25% 25% 0% $72,165 97 +1.95 49 — — — — —
General Literature 6 — 33% 67% 0% 0% 0% 17% $68,828 97 +2.00 40 — — — — —
General Studies 1 — 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% $67,221 91 +0.95 36 — — — — —
Hispanic Studies 1 +4 0% 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% $73,507 85 +1.14 53 — — — — —
History 2 — 0% 50% 0% 0% 0% 0% $80,526 96 +2.31 68 85% — — — —
History and Philosophy of Science and Technology 9 +2 33% 56% 11% 22% 0% 0% $80,526 96 +2.31 68 85% — — — —
Individualized Major 42 — 50% 64% 7% 10% 7% 2% $61,977 81 +0.45 22 94% — — — —
Latin American & Latinx Studies — +1 — — — — — — $74,408 86 +1.21 55 — — — — —
Linguistics 2 — 0% 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% $76,202 96 +1.62 59 — — — — —
Modern Middle Eastern Studies — +4 — — — — — — $73,951 85 +1.17 54 — — — — —
Near Eastern Languages 1 +1 0% 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% $76,605 96 +1.66 60 — — — — —
Philosophy 16 +8 69% 56% 0% 6% 6% 19% $118,547 100 +4.30 97 93% — — — —
Philosophy, Politics and Economics 183 +6 49% 52% 21% 4% 9% 8% $118,547 100 +5.87 97 93% — — — —
Religious Studies 2 — 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% 50% $68,133 97 +2.13 38 — — — — —
Research Methodology and Quantitative Methods 21 +1 29% 38% 0% 24% 19% 5% $82,309 97 +2.39 71 — — — — —
Russian and East European Studies 3 +4 67% 67% 0% 0% 33% 0% $73,086 84 +1.10 52 — — — — —
Science, Technology and Society 6 — 17% 67% 0% 17% 0% 17% $100,241 99 +2.92 89 — — — — —
South Asian Studies — +1 — — — — — — $74,183 85 +1.19 54 — — — — —
Anthropology 13 +2 54% 8% 23% 15% 23% 8% $81,489 98 +2.23 69 — — — — —
Cinema and Media Studies 16 +9 44% 31% 12% 0% 19% 19% $80,640 96 +1.75 68 — — — — —
Cognitive Science 9 +2 44% 33% 44% 0% 0% 22% $76,154 69 -0.27 59 — — — — —
Cognitive Science 95 +4 31% 26% 28% 9% 6% 23% $113,252 89 +1.32 95 90% — — — —
Communication 5 — 40% 60% 20% 0% 20% 0% $110,837 100 +4.57 94 98% 3.6% — — —
Communication and Media Studies 67 +8 21% 46% 13% 13% 10% 3% $110,837 100 +4.57 94 98% 3.6% — — —
Health and Societies 13 — 77% 54% 8% 8% 8% 8% $80,808 98 +2.17 68 — — — — —
Humanities Studies — — — — — — — — $61,977 77 +0.46 22 94% — — — —
International Relations 36 +4 36% 53% 8% 3% 22% 6% $118,454 98 +2.38 97 100% — — — —
International Studies 45 — 44% 33% 27% 4% 9% 22% $277,397 100 +10.66 100 94% — — — —
Political Science 98 +30 51% 35% 11% 16% 19% 11% $99,497 95 +2.01 88 96% — — — —
Psychology 62 +8 19% 44% 18% 11% 13% 2% $64,088 65 +0.30 27 94% — — — —
Psychology 5 — 40% 20% 20% 20% 0% 0% $72,631 98 +2.67 50 — — — — —
Social Sciences 1 — 0% 0% 0% 100% 0% 0% $82,022 98 +2.28 70 — — — — —
Sociology — — — — — — — — $75,484 97 +1.69 57 — — — — —
Architecture 23 +3 35% 30% 26% 17% 9% 9% $75,744 88 +0.88 58 94% — — — —
Design 22 +6 32% 27% 27% 18% 9% 5% $110,099 99 +3.89 94 — — — — —
Fine Arts 10 +6 10% 60% 10% 0% 0% 20% $57,148 91 +1.11 12 93% — — — —
History of Art 10 +11 30% 30% 10% 10% 20% 10% $57,148 78 +0.41 12 93% — — — —
Music 3 — 67% 67% 0% 0% 0% 33% $57,178 94 +1.12 12 — — — — —
Theatre Arts 1 +1 0% 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% $55,905 97 +1.72 10 — — — — —
Urban Studies 24 +2 29% 38% 12% 12% 12% 4% $72,695 77 +0.53 50 94% — — — —
Visual and Performing Arts 2 +3 0% 50% 50% 0% 0% 0% $54,048 96 +1.47 8 — — — — —
Criminology 14 +5 14% 21% 0% 21% 50% 0% $96,379 100 +5.03 86 — — — — —
⇅ Ranked Trends Degrees Male White Asian Black Hispanic Intl Earnings Earn % Earn z ROI Employment Debt-to-Earn Accept SAT p25 SAT p75
School of Engineering and Applied Science 288 58% 24% 37% 3% 6% 18% $144,196 100 +2.32 99 97% 3%
Bioengineering 51 — 43% 22% 39% 4% 4% 22% $129,175 99 +2.60 98 100% — 3% — —
Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering 21 — 43% 29% 33% 0% 0% 19% $111,031 69 +0.56 94 100% — 3% — —
Computer Engineering 11 — 82% 18% 9% 0% 0% 55% $162,568 98 +2.15 100 — — 3% — —
Electrical Engineering 27 +1 59% 30% 37% 4% 4% 19% $159,413 98 +2.00 100 — — 3% — —
Engineering 9 — 67% 11% 56% 0% 11% 22% $115,433 94 +1.29 96 — — 3% — —
Materials Science and Engineering 17 — 41% 41% 35% 0% 0% 12% $97,915 68 +0.39 87 90% — 3% — —
Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics 63 — 71% 38% 24% 5% 13% 11% $138,679 100 +4.96 99 97% — 3% — —
Artificial Intelligence — — — — — — — — $203,161 100 +2.36 100 98% — 3% — —
Computer Science 89 — 58% 11% 48% 3% 6% 17% $169,396 90 +1.30 100 95% — 3% — —
⇅ Ranked Trends Degrees Male White Asian Black Hispanic Intl Earnings Earn % Earn z ROI Employment Debt-to-Earn Accept SAT p25 SAT p75
School of Nursing 191 12% 50% 21% 10% 10% 4% $99,459 94 +0.72 88 100% 6%
Nursing 191 — 12% 50% 21% 10% 10% 4% $99,459 80 +0.72 88 100% — 6% — —
⇅ Ranked Trends Degrees Male White Asian Black Hispanic Intl Earnings Earn % Earn z ROI Employment Debt-to-Earn Accept SAT p25 SAT p75
The Wharton School 607 52% 24% 30% 9% 12% 19% $251,211 100 +6.15 100 95% 4%
Accounting 4 +16 50% 50% 25% 0% 25% 0% $170,646 100 +5.41 100 — — 4% — —
Artificial Intelligence for Business 72 +106 39% 17% 31% 14% 8% 28% $148,565 100 +3.21 99 96% — 4% — —
Behavioral Economics — — — — — — — — $203,161 100 +3.95 100 98% — 4% — —
Business Economics & Public Policy 14 +12 50% 43% 14% 7% 21% 0% $157,002 95 +2.22 100 — — 4% — —
Entrepreneurship & Innovation 14 +20 57% 14% 36% 21% 14% 14% $236,473 100 +7.14 100 95% — 4% — —
Finance 354 +48 57% 25% 31% 5% 12% 21% $310,778 100 +7.30 100 95% — 4% — —
Health Care Management & Policy 23 +3 48% 4% 52% 13% 4% 17% $311,453 100 +12.63 100 95% — 4% — —
Leading Across Differences 7 — 14% 29% 29% 29% 0% 14% $80,288 65 +0.31 67 95% — 4% — —
Management 39 +45 59% 31% 15% 18% 13% 5% $147,336 99 +3.63 99 94% — 4% — —
Marketing 34 +19 38% 12% 38% 12% 15% 6% $125,840 100 +3.76 98 100% — 4% — —
Office Management 1 +1 100% 0% 0% 0% 100% 0% $147,336 99 +3.63 99 94% — — — —
Operations, Information & Decisions 27 +37 44% 22% 19% 15% 11% 22% $148,565 100 +3.21 99 96% — 4% — —
Real Estate 8 +19 62% 38% 12% 12% 0% 0% $291,960 100 +8.26 100 95% — 4% — —
Statistics and Data Science — — — — — — — — $164,111 100 +4.10 100 — — 4% — —
Legal Studies & Business Ethics 10 +17 40% 40% 20% 10% 30% 0% $133,775 100 +4.53 99 — — 4% — —

Financial

Tuition & Fees $67,517
ROI Percentile 99th

Retention & Graduation

Full-Time Retention 99%
4-Year Graduation Rate 86%
6-Year Graduation Rate 96%
Transfer-Out Rate 0%

Six-Year Graduation Rate

0% 25% 50% 75% 100% 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2011 Graduated: 95.8% 95.8% 2012 Graduated: 96.0% 96.0% 2013 Graduated: 95.7% 95.7% 2014 Graduated: 95.6% 95.6% 2015 Graduated: 95.3% 95.3% 2016 Graduated: 95.3% 95.3% 2017 Graduated: 95.7% 95.7% 2018 Graduated: 95.5% 95.5% 2019 Graduated: 96.0% 96.0% 2020 Graduated: 95.5% 95.5% 2021 Graduated: 96.2% 96.2% 2022 Graduated: 96.1% 96.1% 2023 Graduated: 96.8% 96.8% 2024 Graduated: 96.5% 96.5%

Students finishing within 150% of normal time. Each year labels the cohort that entered six years earlier — 2024 tracks the class that started in 2018.

Six-Year Graduation Rate by Gender

0% 25% 50% 75% 100% 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2011 Men: 95.3% 2012 Men: 95.7% 2013 Men: 94.7% 2014 Men: 94.7% 2015 Men: 94.0% 2016 Men: 94.0% 2017 Men: 94.7% 2018 Men: 94.3% 2019 Men: 94.4% 2020 Men: 94.7% 2021 Men: 94.6% 2022 Men: 94.3% 2023 Men: 96.1% 2024 Men: 95.1% 2011 Women: 96.3% 2012 Women: 96.2% 2013 Women: 96.7% 2014 Women: 96.4% 2015 Women: 96.6% 2016 Women: 96.5% 2017 Women: 96.7% 2018 Women: 96.7% 2019 Women: 97.5% 2020 Women: 96.3% 2021 Women: 97.8% 2022 Women: 97.8% 2023 Women: 97.4% 2024 Women: 97.8%

IPEDS reports the cohort as men and women only.

Six-Year Graduation Rate by Race & Ethnicity

0% 25% 50% 75% 100% 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2011 Asian: 97.0% 2012 Asian: 97.3% 2013 Asian: 96.4% 2014 Asian: 98.9% 2015 Asian: 96.7% 2016 Asian: 95.8% 2017 Asian: 97.4% 2018 Asian: 98.4% 2019 Asian: 97.3% 2020 Asian: 97.7% 2021 Asian: 97.5% 2022 Asian: 97.2% 2023 Asian: 97.8% 2024 Asian: 97.9% 2011 Black: 95.5% 2012 Black: 93.1% 2013 Black: 91.8% 2014 Black: 94.0% 2015 Black: 93.5% 2016 Black: 93.2% 2017 Black: 92.8% 2018 Black: 91.0% 2019 Black: 94.2% 2020 Black: 93.2% 2021 Black: 96.4% 2022 Black: 91.5% 2023 Black: 95.7% 2024 Black: 94.7% 2011 Hispanic: 95.1% 2012 Hispanic: 94.4% 2013 Hispanic: 91.5% 2014 Hispanic: 94.3% 2015 Hispanic: 91.9% 2016 Hispanic: 92.7% 2017 Hispanic: 95.6% 2018 Hispanic: 94.4% 2019 Hispanic: 96.1% 2020 Hispanic: 90.3% 2021 Hispanic: 95.0% 2022 Hispanic: 94.0% 2023 Hispanic: 95.5% 2024 Hispanic: 94.0% 2011 White: 95.6% 2012 White: 96.1% 2013 White: 96.5% 2014 White: 94.8% 2015 White: 96.1% 2016 White: 95.7% 2017 White: 96.4% 2018 White: 95.7% 2019 White: 96.5% 2020 White: 96.2% 2021 White: 95.9% 2022 White: 97.2% 2023 White: 96.9% 2024 White: 97.0% 2011 International: 94.9% 2012 International: 96.1% 2013 International: 94.6% 2014 International: 94.6% 2015 International: 96.0% 2016 International: 95.1% 2017 International: 93.6% 2018 International: 95.0% 2019 International: 95.3% 2020 International: 95.1% 2021 International: 95.1% 2022 International: 94.6% 2023 International: 96.7% 2024 International: 96.0%

Each group's completers over its own share of the entering cohort. Groups making up less than 2% of everyone this college graduated over the period are left off — their rates swing on a handful of students and read as noise.

IPEDS Graduation Rates survey, 2011–2024. Years a college didn't file leave a gap in the line.

Earnings by Major Category

Each major category's degree-weighted estimated median 5-year earnings at this college, expressed as a z-score against the national degree-weighted distribution for that category. 0 is the national average. The shaded band between +1.28 and −1.28 marks the central 80% of the national distribution (10th–90th percentile).

Academics

⇅ % Degrees Male White Asian Black Hispanic Intl Earnings Earn % Earn z ROI Employment Debt-to-Earn
Business & Economics 25.8% 753 56% 24% 30% 8% 11% 19% $229,360 100 +5.21 100 95% —
Social Sciences 16.3% 475 37% 37% 18% 11% 13% 12% $115,956 100 +2.90 96 95% 3.6%
Humanities 13.6% 398 45% 53% 14% 7% 11% 8% $95,969 99 +3.74 86 92% —
Life & Natural Sciences 10.4% 304 40% 23% 39% 10% 14% 5% $82,760 97 +1.73 71 95% —
Physical Sciences & Math 10.0% 292 61% 23% 38% 2% 7% 21% $168,053 100 +2.43 100 98% —
Health Sciences 9.6% 279 13% 41% 25% 14% 11% 3% $99,578 96 +1.17 88 96% —
Engineering 6.8% 199 57% 30% 32% 3% 6% 19% $132,926 99 +2.78 99 98% —
Arts 3.3% 95 29% 37% 19% 13% 9% 8% $77,763 100 +1.49 62 94% —
Computer Science 3.3% 95 59% 12% 46% 4% 7% 17% $170,706 95 +1.33 100 95% —
Professional 0.5% 14 14% 21% 0% 21% 50% 0% $96,379 93 +5.03 86 — —
Agriculture & Food Science 0.4% 13 31% 23% 23% 0% 31% 8% $69,968 89 +1.42 43 — —

Research R1

⇅ Research $ Rank Federal Industry $ PhDs Rank PhD students Postdocs
Life & Natural Sciences $1,221M #1 50% $138M 165 #5 1,102 502
Health Sciences $437M #28 51% $27.2M 102 #12 69 381
Engineering $124M #37 51% $3.9M 103 #34 768 130
Humanities & Social Sciences $120M #9 26% $0.8M 167 #12 302 61
Business & Economics $101M #1 1% $1.3M 45 #13 111 3
Physical Sciences & Math $96.5M #33 65% $0.7M 87 #27 460 127
Computer Science $28.0M #37 52% $0.4M 17 #58 218 13
Education $14.7M #39 34% $0.0M 64 #37 — —
Agriculture & Food Science $1.1M #156 15% $0 — — — 69
Total $2,145M #2 47% $172M 750 #13 3,030 1,286

Expenditure and funding source: NSF HERD, FY2024. Degrees: IPEDS completions, 2023–24. Students and postdocs: NSF Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates, fall 2024, which covers science, engineering and selected health fields only. An em dash means the source does not report the figure, which is not the same as zero.

Sports NCAA D1

⇅ Athletes ▼ Revenue Expenses Net
Track & Field (combined) 133 $1.0M $1.0M $0
Football 108 $3.5M $3.5M $0
Other Sports 87 $749K $749K $0
Lacrosse 51 $1.3M $1.3M $0
Rowing 49 $747K $747K $0
Baseball 35 $669K $669K $0
Wrestling 35 $1.2M $1.2M $0
Soccer 32 $659K $659K $0
Swimming & Diving 29 $329K $329K $0
Fencing 18 $253K $253K $0
Squash 17 $437K $437K $0
Basketball 16 $2.4M $2.4M $0
Tennis 11 $354K $354K $0
Golf 8 $222K $222K $0
Total 559 $13.8M $13.8M $0
⇅ Athletes ▼ Revenue Expenses Net
Track & Field (combined) 144 $975K $975K $0
Rowing 58 $713K $713K $0
Swimming & Diving 30 $331K $331K $0
Lacrosse 29 $1.1M $1.1M $0
Soccer 29 $563K $563K $0
Basketball 26 $1.4M $1.4M $0
Fencing 25 $232K $232K $0
Field Hockey 25 $587K $587K $0
Gymnastics 23 $439K $439K $0
Softball 18 $522K $522K $0
Squash 18 $287K $287K $0
Volleyball 18 $395K $395K $0
Tennis 11 $372K $372K $0
Golf 9 $226K $226K $0
Total 383 $8.2M $8.2M $0
⇅ Athletes ▼ Revenue Expenses Net
Track & Field (combined) 277 $2.0M $2.0M $0
Football 108 $3.5M $3.5M $0
Rowing 107 $1.5M $1.5M $0
Other Sports 87 $749K $749K $0
Lacrosse 80 $2.4M $2.4M $0
Soccer 61 $1.2M $1.2M $0
Swimming & Diving 59 $660K $660K $0
Fencing 43 $486K $486K $0
Basketball 42 $3.8M $3.8M $0
Baseball 35 $669K $669K $0
Squash 35 $724K $724K $0
Wrestling 35 $1.2M $1.2M $0
Field Hockey 25 $587K $587K $0
Gymnastics 23 $439K $439K $0
Tennis 22 $726K $726K $0
Softball 18 $522K $522K $0
Volleyball 18 $395K $395K $0
Golf 17 $448K $448K $0
Total 942 $59.3M $59.3M $0

Source: U.S. Department of Education, Equity in Athletics Data Analysis. Each team's revenue and expenses are what the college attributes to it. The Total view's totals row is the department's grand total, which also includes money not attributed to any team; the Male and Female totals rows only add up their teams.

Admissions

Uses Common App Yes
Acceptance Rate 5.8%
Yield (non-ED) 50%
Early Decision 1 Nov 1
Regular Decision Jan 1

Acceptance Rates

In-State Out-of-State International
Regular Decision 6% 4% 2%
Early Decision 23% 15% 7%
Unhooked Early Decision 13% 9% —

Hooked: legacy, recruited athletes, faculty-related, and Questbridge

Acceptance & Yield

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2011 Acceptance: 12.4% 12.4% 2012 Acceptance: 12.6% 12.6% 2013 Acceptance: 12.2% 12.2% 2014 Acceptance: 10.4% 10.4% 2015 Acceptance: 10.2% 10.2% 2016 Acceptance: 9.4% 9.4% 2017 Acceptance: 9.3% 9.3% 2018 Acceptance: 8.4% 8.4% 2019 Acceptance: 7.7% 7.7% 2020 Acceptance: 9.0% 9.0% 2021 Acceptance: 5.9% 5.9% 2022 Acceptance: 6.5% 6.5% 2023 Acceptance: 5.9% 5.9% 2024 Acceptance: 5.4% 5.4% 2025 Acceptance: 4.9% 4.9% 2026 Acceptance: 5.8% 5.8% 2011 Yield: 62.5% 62.5% 2012 Yield: 62.5% 62.5% 2013 Yield: 63.2% 63.2% 2014 Yield: 65.2% 65.2% 2015 Yield: 64.3% 64.3% 2016 Yield: 67.8% 67.8% 2017 Yield: 65.4% 65.4% 2018 Yield: 67.3% 67.3% 2019 Yield: 69.6% 69.6% 2020 Yield: 61.3% 61.3% 2021 Yield: 73.2% 73.2% 2022 Yield: 67.9% 67.9% 2023 Yield: 69.2% 69.2% 2024 Yield: 68.0% 68.0% 2025 Yield: 67.8% 67.8%

Applicants, Admitted & Enrolled

0 25,000 50,000 75,000 100,000 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2011 Applicants: 31,663 31,663 2012 Applicants: 31,218 31,218 2013 Applicants: 31,282 31,282 2014 Applicants: 35,866 35,866 2015 Applicants: 37,268 37,268 2016 Applicants: 38,918 38,918 2017 Applicants: 40,413 40,413 2018 Applicants: 44,491 44,491 2019 Applicants: 44,961 44,961 2020 Applicants: 42,205 42,205 2021 Applicants: 56,332 56,332 2022 Applicants: 54,588 54,588 2023 Applicants: 59,465 59,465 2024 Applicants: 65,226 65,226 2025 Applicants: 72,544 72,544 2026 Applicants: 61,000 61,000 2011 Admitted: 3,935 3,935 2012 Admitted: 3,935 3,935 2013 Admitted: 3,830 3,830 2014 Admitted: 3,718 3,718 2015 Admitted: 3,787 3,787 2016 Admitted: 3,674 3,674 2017 Admitted: 3,757 3,757 2018 Admitted: 3,740 3,740 2019 Admitted: 3,446 3,446 2020 Admitted: 3,789 3,789 2021 Admitted: 3,304 3,304 2022 Admitted: 3,549 3,549 2023 Admitted: 3,489 3,489 2024 Admitted: 3,523 3,523 2025 Admitted: 3,570 3,570 2026 Admitted: 3,538 3,538 2011 Enrolled: 2,459 2,459 2012 Enrolled: 2,461 2,461 2013 Enrolled: 2,421 2,421 2014 Enrolled: 2,425 2,425 2015 Enrolled: 2,435 2,435 2016 Enrolled: 2,491 2,491 2017 Enrolled: 2,456 2,456 2018 Enrolled: 2,518 2,518 2019 Enrolled: 2,400 2,400 2020 Enrolled: 2,321 2,321 2021 Enrolled: 2,418 2,418 2022 Enrolled: 2,409 2,409 2023 Enrolled: 2,416 2,416 2024 Enrolled: 2,395 2,395 2025 Enrolled: 2,420 2,420

Early vs. Regular Decision Acceptance

0% 7% 14% 21% 28% 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2011 Overall: 12.4% 12.4% 2012 Overall: 12.6% 12.6% 2013 Overall: 12.2% 12.2% 2014 Overall: 10.4% 10.4% 2015 Overall: 10.2% 10.2% 2016 Overall: 9.4% 9.4% 2017 Overall: 9.3% 9.3% 2018 Overall: 8.4% 8.4% 2019 Overall: 7.7% 7.7% 2020 Overall: 9.0% 9.0% 2021 Overall: 5.9% 5.9% 2022 Overall: 6.5% 6.5% 2023 Overall: 5.9% 5.9% 2024 Overall: 5.4% 5.4% 2025 Overall: 4.9% 4.9% 2026 Overall: 5.8% 5.8% 2011 Early Decision: 26.0% 26.0% 2012 Early Decision: 25.2% 25.2% 2013 Early Decision: 24.8% 24.8% 2014 Early Decision: 25.3% 25.3% 2015 Early Decision: 24.0% 24.0% 2016 Early Decision: 23.2% 23.2% 2017 Early Decision: 22.0% 22.0% 2018 Early Decision: 18.5% 18.5% 2019 Early Decision: 18.0% 18.0% 2020 Early Decision: 19.5% 19.5% 2021 Early Decision: 14.9% 14.9% 2022 Early Decision: 15.5% 15.5% 2023 Early Decision: 14.8% 14.8% 2024 Early Decision: 14.2% 14.2% 2025 Early Decision: 13.3% 13.3% 2011 Regular Decision: 10.1% 10.1% 2012 Regular Decision: 10.5% 10.5% 2013 Regular Decision: 10.0% 10.0% 2014 Regular Decision: 7.9% 7.9% 2015 Regular Decision: 7.8% 7.8% 2016 Regular Decision: 7.1% 7.1% 2017 Regular Decision: 7.0% 7.0% 2018 Regular Decision: 6.5% 6.5% 2019 Regular Decision: 5.7% 5.7% 2020 Regular Decision: 7.1% 7.1% 2021 Regular Decision: 4.4% 4.4% 2022 Regular Decision: 5.0% 5.0% 2023 Regular Decision: 4.4% 4.4% 2024 Regular Decision: 4.0% 4.0% 2025 Regular Decision: 3.7% 3.7%

Regular Decision counts every applicant outside the binding ED rounds. Totals are IPEDS through 2024 and each year's Common Data Set after that.

Early Decision Share of the Entering Class

0% 15% 30% 45% 60% 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2011 Early Decision: 48.3% 48.3% 2012 Early Decision: 46.4% 46.4% 2013 Early Decision: 49.3% 49.3% 2014 Early Decision: 53.6% 53.6% 2015 Early Decision: 54.0% 54.0% 2016 Early Decision: 53.6% 53.6% 2017 Early Decision: 55.1% 55.1% 2018 Early Decision: 52.1% 52.1% 2019 Early Decision: 53.3% 53.3% 2020 Early Decision: 54.1% 54.1% 2021 Early Decision: 48.9% 48.9% 2022 Early Decision: 50.2% 50.2% 2023 Early Decision: 49.8% 49.8% 2024 Early Decision: 51.6% 51.6% 2025 Early Decision: 52.3% 52.3%

Early Decision admits over enrolled first-year students. ED is binding, so nearly every ED admit enrolls.

Regular Decision Yield

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2011 Overall: 62.5% 62.5% 2012 Overall: 62.5% 62.5% 2013 Overall: 63.2% 63.2% 2014 Overall: 65.2% 65.2% 2015 Overall: 64.3% 64.3% 2016 Overall: 67.8% 67.8% 2017 Overall: 65.4% 65.4% 2018 Overall: 67.3% 67.3% 2019 Overall: 69.6% 69.6% 2020 Overall: 61.3% 61.3% 2021 Overall: 73.2% 73.2% 2022 Overall: 67.9% 67.9% 2023 Overall: 69.2% 69.2% 2024 Overall: 68.0% 68.0% 2025 Overall: 67.8% 67.8% 2011 Regular Decision: 46.3% 46.3% 2012 Regular Decision: 47.2% 47.2% 2013 Regular Decision: 46.5% 46.5% 2014 Regular Decision: 46.5% 46.5% 2015 Regular Decision: 45.3% 45.3% 2016 Regular Decision: 49.4% 49.4% 2017 Regular Decision: 45.9% 45.9% 2018 Regular Decision: 49.7% 49.7% 2019 Regular Decision: 51.7% 51.7% 2020 Regular Decision: 42.0% 42.0% 2021 Regular Decision: 58.2% 58.2% 2022 Regular Decision: 51.3% 51.3% 2023 Regular Decision: 53.0% 53.0% 2024 Regular Decision: 50.7% 50.7% 2025 Regular Decision: 50.1% 50.1%

Enrolled over admitted outside the binding ED rounds, taking every ED admit as enrolled. Totals are IPEDS through 2024 and each year's Common Data Set after that.

IPEDS Admissions survey, 2011–2024. Years a college didn't file leave a gap in the line.

Standardized Tests

Test Policy required
Submitted Test Scores 70%
SAT Range 1500 – 1560
SAT Math Range 770 – 800
SAT RW Range 740 – 770

SAT Composite

1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2011 25th: 1350 1350 2012 25th: 1350 1350 2013 25th: 1360 1360 2014 25th: 1360 1360 2015 25th: 1380 1380 2016 25th: 1380 1380 2017 25th: 1420 1420 2018 25th: 1420 1420 2019 25th: 1450 1450 2020 25th: 1460 1460 2021 25th: 1480 1480 2022 25th: 1500 1500 2023 25th: 1500 1500 2024 25th: 1510 1510 2011 75th: 1530 1530 2012 75th: 1540 1540 2013 75th: 1540 1540 2014 75th: 1550 1550 2015 75th: 1550 1550 2016 75th: 1570 1570 2017 75th: 1560 1560 2018 75th: 1550 1550 2019 75th: 1560 1560 2020 75th: 1570 1570 2021 75th: 1570 1570 2022 75th: 1570 1570 2023 75th: 1570 1570 2024 75th: 1570 1570

SAT Math

600 650 700 750 800 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2011 25th: 690 690 2012 25th: 690 690 2013 25th: 690 690 2014 25th: 690 690 2015 25th: 700 700 2016 25th: 700 700 2017 25th: 720 720 2018 25th: 730 730 2019 25th: 750 750 2020 25th: 750 750 2021 25th: 760 760 2022 25th: 770 770 2023 25th: 770 770 2024 25th: 770 770 2011 75th: 780 780 2012 75th: 780 780 2013 75th: 780 780 2014 75th: 780 780 2015 75th: 790 790 2016 75th: 800 800 2017 75th: 790 790 2018 75th: 790 790 2019 75th: 800 800 2020 75th: 800 800 2021 75th: 800 800 2022 75th: 800 800 2023 75th: 800 800 2024 75th: 800 800

SAT Reading & Writing

600 650 700 750 800 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2011 25th: 660 660 2012 25th: 660 660 2013 25th: 670 670 2014 25th: 670 670 2015 25th: 680 680 2016 25th: 680 680 2017 25th: 700 700 2018 25th: 690 690 2019 25th: 700 700 2020 25th: 710 710 2021 25th: 720 720 2022 25th: 730 730 2023 25th: 730 730 2024 25th: 740 740 2011 75th: 750 750 2012 75th: 760 760 2013 75th: 760 760 2014 75th: 770 770 2015 75th: 760 760 2016 75th: 770 770 2017 75th: 770 770 2018 75th: 760 760 2019 75th: 760 760 2020 75th: 770 770 2021 75th: 770 770 2022 75th: 770 770 2023 75th: 770 770 2024 75th: 770 770

Submitting a Test Score

0% 25% 50% 75% 100% 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2011 Submitted: 100.0% 100.0% 2012 Submitted: 100.0% 100.0% 2013 Submitted: 100.0% 100.0% 2014 Submitted: 100.0% 100.0% 2015 Submitted: 100.0% 100.0% 2016 Submitted: 100.0% 100.0% 2017 Submitted: 100.0% 100.0% 2018 Submitted: 100.0% 100.0% 2019 Submitted: 100.0% 100.0% 2020 Submitted: 100.0% 100.0% 2021 Submitted: 79.0% 79.0% 2022 Submitted: 71.0% 71.0% 2023 Submitted: 70.0% 70.0% 2024 Submitted: 67.0% 67.0%

IPEDS Admissions survey, 2011–2024. Years a college didn't file leave a gap in the line. Test-score submission adds SAT and ACT submitters, capped at 100% — a student can send both.