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What you'll do in college

Religion and theology majors take a comparative approach to the world's religious traditions, sacred texts, and spiritual practices. Coursework spans biblical studies, world religions, theology, religious history, and the intersection of religion with culture, politics, and ethics. Ministry and pastoral tracks add practical training in counseling, worship leadership, and community outreach.

The major is reading- and discussion-intensive, with small seminars and research papers that demand careful interpretation of complex texts. Many students pair it with study abroad or service-learning experiences.

What you'll do after college

Grads pursue careers in ministry, chaplaincy, religious education, nonprofit leadership, social work, counseling, journalism, and academia. Many continue to divinity school (M.Div.) or seminary for ordination, or to graduate programs in religious studies, theology, or ethics.

The analytical and interpersonal skills the major builds transfer well to law, education, healthcare, and community organizing. Pay varies widely—ministry and nonprofit roles tend to be modest, while those who move into law, consulting, or institutional leadership earn more.

Famous graduates

  • Phil Jackson — Legendary NBA coach; B.A. in Philosophy, Religion, and Psychology from University of North Dakota

Selectivity vs. earnings

By acceptance rate

$47,820
669
100–85%
$48,178
1,503
85–65%
$48,119
1,607
65–45%
$50,598
548
45–0%
Acceptance rate · bar = degree-weighted earnings

By SAT median

$44,296
362
400–1090
$46,742
852
1090–1190
$48,342
840
1190–1340
$57,476
367
1340–1600
Combined SAT composite median (submitters + non-submitters) · bar = degree-weighted earnings

Earnings vs. selectivity rank

$41,859p10 $61,021p90 Arts Work College Female-only Liberal Arts Public University Religious University Private University Liberal Arts 1–20 Public University 1–25 Private University 21–40 Private University 1–20 Oklahoma City University · $48,001 College of the Ozarks · $42,233 Berea College · $43,918 Wellesley College · $57,570 Barnard College · $61,127 Spelman College · $51,158 Agnes Scott College · $48,907 Rhodes College · $52,054 Denison University · $50,896 Bates College · $58,435 Trinity University · $52,358 Morehouse College · $52,437 Trinity College (CT) · $65,730 Skidmore College · $52,213 Bucknell University · $66,260 Lafayette College · $67,391 Dickinson College · $58,262 Gettysburg College · $57,388 Muhlenberg College · $57,367 Whitman College · $48,365 St. Lawrence University · $53,935 Hampden-Sydney College · $51,383 Oakwood University · $46,219 Rollins College · $49,458 Southwestern University · $51,742 Barton College · $43,388 Earlham College · $48,596 Occidental College · $58,100 University of the South · $54,013 Wabash College · $68,588 Furman University · $46,350 Lake Forest College · $51,374 Wofford College · $49,303 Kalamazoo College · $49,995 Providence College · $59,210 Allegheny College · $50,762 Ohio Wesleyan University · $44,443 Tabor College · $49,735 Catawba College · $44,008 Carthage College · $48,927 Albion College · $46,560 University of Puget Sound · $47,387 Bethel University · $47,908 Carroll College · $48,888 College of Saint Benedict · $52,017 Dordt University · $48,750 Erskine College · $46,223 Texas Lutheran University · $49,979 Belhaven University · $43,018 Arizona Christian University · $43,809 Augustana University · $46,398 Crown College · $39,528 Drew University · $54,250 Drury University · $41,512 Grove City College · $48,409 King University · $45,381 Centre College · $49,842 Hendrix College · $44,633 Hope College · $36,552 Maryville College · $48,057 North Central College · $50,891 Willamette University · $49,892 Augustana College (IL) · $50,364 Huntingdon College · $43,414 Eckerd College · $42,935 Saint Mary's College of California · $59,469 Lewis & Clark College · $48,595 Presbyterian College · $48,104 Bethany College · $42,753 Loras College · $49,084 Spring Hill College · $47,100 Whitworth University · $43,395 Gustavus Adolphus College · $51,578 Hanover College · $45,912 Taylor University · $53,441 Juniata College · $46,519 Allen University · $38,809 Calvin University · $43,689 Lawrence University · $42,963 Hamline University · $49,203 Luther College · $44,246 Manchester University · $49,429 Susquehanna University · $49,657 Saint Anselm College · $54,760 Houghton University · $42,037 Huntington University · $43,291 Westmont College · $53,298 Greenville University · $42,365 Guilford College · $42,895 Saint Mary's College (IN) · $51,181 Wartburg College · $43,422 West Virginia Wesleyan College · $46,694 Linfield University · $55,564 Lenoir-Rhyne University · $44,020 Saint Michael's College · $49,981 Pacific Lutheran University · $46,938 Aquinas College · $45,956 Covenant College · $43,766 Eastern Mennonite University · $51,719 Edgewood College · $49,880 Hartwick College · $50,205 University of Mary Hardin-Baylor · $49,453 CUNY Hunter College · $52,055 Cal State Long Beach · $48,097 Eastern New Mexico University · $43,517 University of South Florida · $46,607 Binghamton University · $48,484 San Diego State University · $49,012 University of California, Santa Barbara · $42,509 Clemson University · $49,770 Florida International University · $48,797 University of California, Davis · $58,259 CUNY Brooklyn College · $46,422 CUNY Queens College · $52,974 Cal State Fullerton · $48,548 University of South Carolina · $45,287 Georgia State University · $25,696 Louisiana State University - Alexandria · $42,403 University of Pittsburgh · $49,686 University of New Mexico · $44,902 Appalachian State University · $44,811 University of Minnesota - Twin Cities · $55,467 Ball State University · $47,245 Eastern Michigan University · $47,217 Texas State University · $48,350 University of Colorado Boulder · $54,709 Cleveland State University · $44,381 George Mason University · $57,036 Missouri State University - Springfield · $32,093 Montclair State University · $49,234 Temple University · $47,634 University of Central Arkansas · $43,941 University of North Carolina at Greensboro · $40,242 University of Northern Iowa · $46,562 University of Oklahoma - Norman · $51,441 Virginia Commonwealth University · $46,061 Wright State University · $45,033 College of Charleston · $48,803 University of Vermont · $47,942 Oregon State University · $49,989 University of Alabama · $50,614 Indiana University · $51,328 University of Missouri · $50,982 University of North Florida · $48,257 University of Wisconsin - Eau Claire · $46,451 Chico State · $51,860 Middle Tennessee State University · $43,064 University of North Carolina at Charlotte · $47,478 University of Oregon · $44,031 Youngstown State University · $42,712 Coastal Carolina University · $43,652 Rutgers University - Camden · $54,165 Cal State Bakersfield · $53,021 Lincoln University · $47,190 Western Washington University · $45,367 University of North Texas · $47,531 University of North Carolina Asheville · $41,206 University of Utah · $51,321 Michigan State University · $52,864 University of Iowa · $51,122 Western Michigan University · $46,817 Indiana University - Indianapolis · $47,113 Rowan University · $50,713 Iowa State University · $51,073 University of Arizona · $50,720 Western Kentucky University · $41,851 University of California, Riverside · $52,127 University of Nebraska at Omaha · $48,923 Arizona State University · $52,713 Cal State Northridge · $50,210 Towson University · $51,676 University of Hawaii at Manoa · $46,490 University of Kansas · $50,723 University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee · $44,527 Utah State University · $48,444 University of Wyoming · $48,294 University of Notre Dame · $48,541 Boston College · $60,855 Union University · $43,087 Santa Clara University · $70,871 Villanova University · $63,550 College of the Holy Cross · $66,488 Fairfield University · $63,053 North Carolina Wesleyan University · $37,943 Mississippi Christian University · $39,696 Corban University · $46,172 College of Wooster · $44,530 Hope International University · $49,634 Ohio Christian University · $38,872 Regent University · $34,539 University of Dallas · $50,468 Saint Olaf College · $37,826 Southeastern University · $43,133 Stonehill College · $57,108 Columbia International University · $39,607 Fordham University · $85,741 Point University · $39,408 Loyola Marymount University · $56,969 Saint Louis University · $54,080 Southern Methodist University · $65,760 Texas Christian University · $56,535 Liberty University · $49,945 Azusa Pacific University · $46,296 Baylor University · $46,988 Belmont Abbey College · $42,894 Florida Memorial University · $42,103 Loyola University New Orleans · $47,200 Brescia University · $40,456 John Brown University · $38,326 Warner University · $46,932 LeTourneau University · $46,984 Ohio Dominican University · $47,382 Oklahoma Wesleyan University · $53,418 Franciscan Missionaries of Our Lady University · $50,474 Walla Walla University · $53,408 Oklahoma Baptist University · $43,639 Charleston Southern University · $42,213 Newberry College · $37,366 Southern Wesleyan University · $41,522 William Carey University · $43,644 Asbury University · $42,622 California Lutheran University · $53,660 Kentucky Christian University · $41,980 Pacific Union College · $56,997 Simmons College of Kentucky · $50,643 Southwestern Adventist University · $51,099 Texas Wesleyan University · $46,240 Howard Payne University · $43,144 Andrews University · $55,902 Creighton University · $52,738 Milligan University · $42,992 Spring Arbor University · $41,752 University of Dayton · $54,175 Biola University · $49,928 Olivet Nazarene University · $41,364 Anderson University · $42,982 Bellarmine University · $45,613 Cedarville University · $59,036 Harding University · $49,175 Judson University · $41,805 Manhattan College · $61,782 Messiah University · $41,655 Missouri Baptist University · $41,859 Toccoa Falls College · $41,369 Washington Adventist University · $47,370 Wheaton College (IL) · $49,871 Concordia University Ann Arbor · $61,009 Yeshiva University · $56,637 Evangel University · $42,518 Midland University · $46,559 University of Mobile · $41,352 Williams Baptist University · $42,874 Cairn University - Langhorne · $44,476 Campbellsville University · $38,617 East Texas Baptist University · $46,491 Faulkner University · $41,261 Franciscan University of Steubenville · $41,487 Hannibal-LaGrange University · $43,765 MidAmerica Nazarene University · $48,634 Shaw University · $41,325 American University · $59,650 La Sierra University · $52,267 Sacred Heart University · $56,890 North Park University · $49,283 Simpson University · $51,613 The Master's University and Seminary · $52,233 Ashland University · $45,401 Barry University · $51,991 Bushnell University · $47,208 California Baptist University · $48,478 Concordia University - Nebraska · $43,300 Concordia University - Saint Paul · $81,096 Siena Heights University · $48,716 Concordia University Wisconsin · $69,615 Eastern University · $51,066 Pepperdine University · $56,277 Seton Hall University · $54,775 Vanguard University of Southern California · $50,248 Abilene Christian University · $46,960 North Greenville University · $47,190 Reinhardt University · $54,988 Lewis University · $49,635 Saint Leo University · $46,835 St. Thomas University (FL) · $51,588 University of San Francisco · $58,249 Chaminade University of Honolulu · $50,164 Concordia College at Moorhead · $46,141 John Carroll University · $44,527 Newman University · $48,179 Saint Martin's University · $51,197 St. Ambrose University · $51,524 Lindsey Wilson College · $39,164 Oakland City University · $48,367 Saint Vincent College · $46,379 Salve Regina University · $53,976 College of St. Scholastica · $50,736 Emmanuel College · $50,764 Ouachita Baptist University · $44,183 Saint Elizabeth University · $51,518 Seton Hill University · $47,479 Southern Adventist University · $50,366 Colorado Christian University · $61,430 Loyola University Chicago · $54,583 Waynesburg University · $42,730 Louisiana Christian University · $49,488 Trinity Christian College · $48,592 University of Dubuque · $68,590 Gordon College · $40,457 Touro University · $46,763 University of Sioux Falls · $44,777 Emmanuel University · $46,881 Malone University · $42,047 Marquette University · $53,810 St. Bonaventure University · $47,325 Trevecca Nazarene University · $45,105 University of Indianapolis · $51,725 Carson-Newman University · $42,253 Chowan University · $41,618 Gardner-Webb University · $37,084 Geneva College · $38,933 Molloy College · $59,700 University of Mary · $46,720 Benedictine University · $54,805 Brewton-Parker College · $48,464 Immaculata University · $50,667 Maranatha Baptist University · $41,869 St. Joseph's University - New York · $52,175 Walsh University · $47,795 Concordia University - Irvine · $51,165 Mount Mercy University · $45,903 Regis University · $51,642 Saint Joseph's College of Maine · $48,375 Shorter University · $41,646 University of Portland · $54,708 Wayland Baptist University · $46,675 Marywood University · $49,789 Mercyhurst University · $45,874 Mount St. Mary's University · $62,307 Seattle University · $55,561 University of Northwestern - St Paul · $43,452 George Fox University · $40,092 Grace College and Theological Seminary · $47,403 Lee University · $42,434 University of Mount Olive · $42,926 Point Loma Nazarene University · $50,712 Samford University · $50,599 Xavier University · $52,987 Central Baptist College · $42,196 Central Christian College of Kansas · $46,384 Houston Christian University · $49,063 Martin Luther College · $71,407 Oral Roberts University · $40,700 Saint John's University (NY) · $55,506 Saint Xavier University · $50,122 University of Valley Forge · $42,813 Catholic University of America · $51,585 Holy Cross College · $49,874 Campbell University · $48,682 Emory & Henry University · $43,595 Mount Vernon Nazarene University · $42,610 Roberts Wesleyan University · $42,784 Concordia University - Chicago · $42,995 DePaul University · $53,608 Freed-Hardeman University · $45,103 Northwest Nazarene University · $36,953 St. Mary's University · $46,696 Thiel College · $47,556 Concordia University Texas · $49,554 Palm Beach Atlantic University · $41,729 Cornerstone University · $47,660 Indiana Wesleyan University, Marion · $40,035 Saint Edward's University · $48,778 Seattle Pacific University · $49,546 Valparaiso University · $52,558 Belmont University · $49,392 Dallas Baptist University · $49,445 North Central University · $44,620 University of the Incarnate Word · $46,267 Bryan College - Dayton · $42,871 Hardin-Simmons University · $44,640 Lubbock Christian University · $54,908 Mid-America Christian University · $39,717 Morris College · $36,829 Southwestern Christian University · $43,028 University of Pikeville · $42,204 Northwest University · $57,654 Southwest Baptist University · $40,733 University of Lynchburg · $45,995 Rochester University · $42,358 Saint Mary's University of Minnesota · $51,819 Union Adventist University · $52,055 University of Saint Thomas (TX) · $47,888 Wisconsin Lutheran College · $51,309 Benedictine College · $38,377 Blue Mountain Christian University · $60,427 Central Methodist University · $42,836 University of Saint Francis - Fort Wayne · $45,711 Grand View University · $43,972 Indiana Wesleyan University - National & Global · $37,185 Southeastern Baptist Theological Seminary · $80,435 Southern Nazarene University · $42,830 Texas College · $36,467 Hampton University · $48,046 Syracuse University · $52,671 Clark Atlanta University · $44,900 Stetson University · $47,551 Webster University · $45,503 Drake University · $51,981 Elon University · $56,427 Lane College · $38,908 Merrimack College · $53,222 Hobart William Smith Colleges · $48,741 Bradley University · $52,973 Lipscomb University · $49,087 Bluffton University · $42,797 University of the Pacific · $58,914 Williams College · $61,896 Pomona College · $59,214 Swarthmore College · $62,355 Carleton College · $53,586 Amherst College · $61,587 Claremont McKenna College · $65,605 Haverford College · $58,492 Middlebury College · $61,297 Vassar College · $55,188 Colby College · $62,149 Hamilton College · $55,438 Davidson College · $61,762 Reed College · $44,815 Wesleyan University · $56,707 Colgate University · $61,021 Macalester College · $51,589 Hillsdale College · $48,554 Oberlin College · $46,042 University of Virginia · $62,116 University of Florida · $44,263 University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill · $51,662 William & Mary · $59,239 University of Georgia · $52,049 Purdue University · $53,881 UCLA · $56,670 University of Texas at Austin · $54,160 Rutgers University - New Brunswick · $54,127 University of Wisconsin - Madison · $52,839 Florida State University · $53,041 University of Tennessee, Knoxville · $45,654 University of Central Florida · $48,228 Virginia Tech · $56,596 University of California, San Diego · $52,967 Ohio State University · $49,246 North Carolina State University · $52,630 Emory University · $80,807 Case Western Reserve University · $53,869 Washington & Lee University · $64,392 New York University · $64,797 University of Southern California · $74,406 Boston University · $56,769 University of Miami · $57,138 Wake Forest University · $65,970 Lehigh University · $67,657 Northeastern University · $60,117 University of Richmond · $63,514 University of Rochester · $56,292 George Washington University · $69,955 Franklin and Marshall College · $58,184 Harvard University · $65,766 Stanford University · $64,652 Brown University · $63,933 Duke University · $48,244 Princeton University · $62,742 University of Chicago · $68,039 University of Pennsylvania · $76,025 Rice University · $64,117 Yale University · $64,623 Northwestern University · $61,019 Cornell University · $64,411 Dartmouth · $71,049 Vanderbilt University · $85,038 Columbia University · $58,035 Georgetown University · $66,723 Tufts University · $63,665 Arts: mean $48,001 Work College: mean $43,076 Female-only: mean $54,691 Liberal Arts: mean $49,333 Public University: mean $47,809 Religious University: mean $48,510 Private University: mean $49,409 Liberal Arts 1–20: mean $57,072 Public University 1–25: mean $52,904 Private University 21–40: mean $63,848 Private University 1–20: mean $65,505 All colleges: p10 $41,859 All colleges: p90 $61,021
Each dot = a college · y = degree-weighted earnings

Majors in this category

Major Colleges Degrees Male/Female Intl Earnings Employment
Religion 526 4,327 55% / 45% 1% $48,663 94%
Religious Studies 193 934 55% / 45% 1% $51,212 94%
Ministry 26 410 48% / 52% 1% $48,094 94%
Theology 70 405 55% / 45% 3% $50,761 94%
Biblical Studies 44 370 67% / 33% 1% $47,127 91%
Christian Studies 40 239 61% / 39% 1% $45,455 94%
Religion/Religious Studies 96 212 50% / 50% 1% $50,266 94%
Youth Ministry 42 210 58% / 42% 0% $44,364 96%
Religion 51 181 46% / 54% 3% $54,468 93%
Bible/Biblical Studies 37 165 66% / 34% 1% $45,188 94%
Christian Ministry 12 130 64% / 36% 2% $47,356 96%
Religious Education 19 126 49% / 51% 0% $44,353 98%
Theology/Theological Studies 24 102 44% / 56% 4% $47,601 89%
Pastoral Ministry 10 97 70% / 30% 1% $43,285 96%
Divinity/Ministry 11 93 59% / 41% 5% $43,853 94%
Pastoral Studies/Counseling 11 53 51% / 49% 2% $43,756 95%
Lay Ministry 14 52 40% / 60% 0% $44,919 95%
Pre-Ministry 3 48 98% / 2% 6% $61,682 94%
Jewish/Judaic Studies 21 46 17% / 83% 0% $55,553 92%
Missions 12 45 40% / 60% 0% $49,397 100%
Biblical and Theological Studies 1 42 57% / 43% 5% $51,063 100%
Worship Ministry 10 34 62% / 38% 0% $48,948
Missions/Missionary Studies 25 32 16% / 84% 0% $45,108 92%
Religious/Sacred Music 25 31 39% / 61% 0% $45,616 93%
Theology and Religious Vocations 10 26 50% / 50% 0% $44,949 100%
Ministry Leadership 1 24 58% / 42% 0% $32,738 82%
Ministry Studies 5 21 57% / 43% 5% $50,489 89%
Pre-Theology 3 21 86% / 14% 0% $56,757 84%
Pastoral Ministries 2 19 68% / 32% 0% $49,229 93%
Specialized Ministry 2 15 53% / 47% 0% $44,010 94%
Urban Ministry 5 13 69% / 31% 0% $43,781 85%
Religion and Culture 1 13 46% / 54% 0% $56,596
Theological and Ministerial Studies 3 12 50% / 50% 8% $51,896 96%
Religion and Cultural Studies 1 12 42% / 58% 0% $48,228
Worship Arts 3 11 73% / 27% 0% $45,470 85%
Pre-Ministerial Studies 1 8 75% / 25% 0% $39,975 86%
World Missions 1 8 50% / 50% 0% $50,609
Worship Arts and Ministry 1 7 71% / 29% 0% $53,400
Church Music 4 6 50% / 50% 0% $43,438
Biblical Counseling 1 6 17% / 83% 0% $76,689
Pastoral Counseling 1 5 100% / 0% 0% $44,697 96%
Religious Music and Worship 1 5 40% / 60% 0% $42,046
Pre-Ministry Studies 2 4 50% / 50% 0% $45,564
Christian Missions 1 4 50% / 50% 0% $41,538
Family Ministry 1 4 0% / 100% 0% $42,975
Theology and Religious Studies 1 4 25% / 75% 0% $59,469
Islamic Studies 4 3 67% / 33% 0% $56,180
Pre-Theology/Pre-Ministerial Studies 2 3 33% / 67% 0% $51,718 96%
Youth and Family Ministry 1 3 67% / 33% 0% $41,261
Christian Education 1 2 50% / 50% 0% $42,678
Church Administration 1 2 100% / 0% 0% $42,853
Pre-Seminary Studies 1 2 100% / 0% 0% $43,063
Student Ministry 1 2 100% / 0% 0% $77,501
Pastoral Counseling and Specialized Ministries 3 1 100% / 0% 0% $45,923
Judaic Studies 2 1 0% / 100% 0% $47,356
Jewish Studies 1 1 0% / 100% 0% $54,991
Religious Vocations 1 1 0% / 100% 0% $47,072
Theological Studies 1 1 100% / 0% 0% $56,969