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What you'll do in college

Religion and theology majors take a comparative approach to the world's religious traditions, sacred texts, and spiritual practices. Coursework spans biblical studies, world religions, theology, religious history, and the intersection of religion with culture, politics, and ethics. Ministry and pastoral tracks add practical training in counseling, worship leadership, and community outreach.

The major is reading- and discussion-intensive, with small seminars and research papers that demand careful interpretation of complex texts. Many students pair it with study abroad or service-learning experiences.

What you'll do after college

Grads pursue careers in ministry, chaplaincy, religious education, nonprofit leadership, social work, counseling, journalism, and academia. Many continue to divinity school (M.Div.) or seminary for ordination, or to graduate programs in religious studies, theology, or ethics.

The analytical and interpersonal skills the major builds transfer well to law, education, healthcare, and community organizing. Pay varies widely—ministry and nonprofit roles tend to be modest, while those who move into law, consulting, or institutional leadership earn more.

Famous graduates

  • Phil Jackson — Legendary NBA coach; B.A. in Philosophy, Religion, and Psychology from University of North Dakota

Selectivity vs. earnings

By acceptance rate

$50,620
681
100–85%
$48,358
1,426
85–62%
$48,070
1,582
62–50%
$49,231
664
50–0%
Acceptance rate · bar = degree-weighted earnings

By SAT median

$47,743
378
400–1090
$49,334
871
1090–1200
$48,426
881
1200–1350
$57,648
369
1360–1600
Combined SAT composite median (submitters + non-submitters) · bar = degree-weighted earnings

Earnings vs. selectivity rank

$43,283p10 $61,009p90 Art & Music Liberal Arts Public University Religious University Private University Top 61–100 Top 21–60 Top 20 Oklahoma City University · $52,752 College of the Ozarks · $44,900 Bates College · $61,029 Wesleyan University · $59,273 Denison University · $55,172 Hillsdale College · $53,620 Vassar College · $54,714 Colorado College · $53,505 Skidmore College · $55,074 Trinity University · $53,927 Morehouse College · $53,540 Macalester College · $53,236 Reed College · $47,444 Trinity College (CT) · $62,309 Smith College · $54,151 Kenyon College · $53,786 Lafayette College · $65,633 Franklin and Marshall College · $60,437 Bucknell University · $68,443 Dickinson College · $59,792 Oberlin College · $48,803 Gettysburg College · $56,095 Muhlenberg College · $57,227 Mount Holyoke College · $54,876 Scripps College · $52,630 Whitman College · $50,016 Hampden-Sydney College · $55,290 Florida Southern College · $50,998 Furman University · $47,121 Occidental College · $54,493 Oakwood University · $47,668 Centre College · $56,854 Kalamazoo College · $52,126 Providence College · $60,675 Grove City College · $53,036 Rhodes College · $54,429 Lake Forest College · $52,210 Allegheny College · $54,850 Nazareth University · $49,653 University of the South · $60,140 DePauw University · $51,871 Friends University · $52,702 Albion College · $49,037 Carroll College · $53,174 College of Saint Benedict · $51,509 Dordt University · $54,050 Texas Lutheran University · $50,048 Wabash College · $70,436 Agnes Scott College · $49,165 Belhaven University · $48,871 Arizona Christian University · $43,546 Crown College · $40,660 Drew University · $51,409 Drury University · $46,517 King University · $49,962 Hobart William Smith Colleges · $47,959 Hendrix College · $51,910 Hope College · $36,781 North Central College · $53,380 Huntingdon College · $47,756 Eckerd College · $40,728 Saint Mary's College of California · $54,570 Presbyterian College · $51,764 Juniata College · $49,923 Loras College · $53,434 Spring Hill College · $51,219 Whitworth University · $41,458 Wittenberg University · $50,339 University of Puget Sound · $43,053 Gustavus Adolphus College · $55,108 Hanover College · $47,246 Taylor University · $56,083 Lipscomb University · $51,531 Allen University · $38,934 Calvin University · $48,157 Lawrence University · $43,705 Lycoming College · $49,471 Augsburg University · $50,142 Hamline University · $50,643 Luther College · $46,587 Lewis & Clark College · $48,271 Houghton University · $43,298 Huntington University · $43,590 Westmont College · $51,722 Roanoke College · $51,213 Guilford College · $44,471 Saint Mary's College (IN) · $54,875 University of Redlands · $45,988 Wartburg College · $47,944 West Virginia Wesleyan College · $51,423 Pacific Lutheran University · $43,535 Aquinas College · $46,440 Bethel University · $51,675 Covenant College · $47,202 Simpson College · $55,933 Barton College · $45,407 Edgewood College · $53,265 Hartwick College · $53,527 University of Mary Hardin-Baylor · $54,123 CUNY Hunter College · $47,890 San Diego State University · $45,755 University of Wisconsin - Eau Claire · $51,069 University of South Florida · $45,495 University of Tennessee, Knoxville · $49,534 University of Central Florida · $48,435 Cal State Long Beach · $42,114 CUNY Brooklyn College · $46,819 Cal State Fullerton · $43,123 Florida International University · $46,420 University of South Carolina · $48,354 Georgia State University · $25,901 University of Pittsburgh · $53,544 University of New Mexico · $49,984 Louisiana State University - Alexandria · $50,534 Appalachian State University · $45,738 University of Minnesota - Twin Cities · $56,492 Ball State University · $49,216 Rutgers University - New Brunswick · $52,758 Texas State University · $50,354 University of Alabama · $55,839 College of Charleston · $49,921 University of Vermont · $48,615 Oregon State University · $49,546 University of Houston · $53,945 Indiana University · $54,683 Rowan University · $51,212 University of Oklahoma - Norman · $56,611 University of Missouri · $56,246 University of North Carolina at Charlotte · $49,034 Chico State · $50,976 Middle Tennessee State University · $47,537 Coastal Carolina University · $45,841 University of Iowa · $54,206 Cal State Bakersfield · $52,649 Portland State University · $43,645 Temple University · $48,261 University of North Texas · $49,584 Cal Poly - Humboldt · $43,212 University of North Carolina Asheville · $42,845 University of Utah · $52,421 Western Michigan University · $49,505 Michigan State University · $52,538 Indiana University - Indianapolis · $51,034 Iowa State University · $54,501 University of Arizona · $53,324 Western Kentucky University · $46,608 University of California, Riverside · $48,301 University of Nebraska at Omaha · $53,281 University of Oregon · $41,858 Arizona State University · $51,981 Cal State Northridge · $44,924 Towson University · $51,326 University of Hawaii at Manoa · $46,805 George Mason University · $55,757 University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee · $45,810 University of Central Arkansas · $52,477 University of North Carolina at Greensboro · $42,892 Missouri State University - Springfield · $34,339 University of Kansas · $56,185 Virginia Commonwealth University · $46,041 Utah State University · $51,235 Western Washington University · $43,239 Washburn University · $53,042 Hope International University · $43,967 Ohio Christian University · $36,867 Regent University · $34,322 Union University · $46,588 Columbia International University · $40,453 Point University · $42,343 Loyola Marymount University · $52,800 Saint Olaf College · $39,302 Liberty University · $47,535 Azusa Pacific University · $40,498 Belmont Abbey College · $47,313 Loyola University New Orleans · $49,150 Mississippi Christian University · $45,097 Baylor University · $48,132 Warner University · $45,864 Brescia University · $44,066 John Brown University · $43,877 LeTourneau University · $50,561 Oklahoma Wesleyan University · $56,276 William Carey University · $50,900 Franciscan Missionaries of Our Lady University · $52,764 Walla Walla University · $51,578 Oklahoma Baptist University · $48,546 Charleston Southern University · $45,376 Southern Wesleyan University · $42,490 Asbury University · $44,456 California Lutheran University · $52,295 Capital University · $50,566 Kentucky Christian University · $46,185 Pacific Union College · $51,602 Southwestern Adventist University · $52,119 Texas Wesleyan University · $48,555 Emmanuel University · $46,129 University of Dallas · $50,336 Howard Payne University · $48,948 Fordham University · $80,841 College of Wooster · $49,094 Andrews University · $58,908 Creighton University · $58,368 Milligan University · $49,120 Spring Arbor University · $43,283 University of Dayton · $58,191 Biola University · $44,493 Olivet Nazarene University · $43,944 Southeastern University · $42,941 University of San Francisco · $52,561 Anderson University · $45,147 Bellarmine University · $47,841 Cedarville University · $64,425 Harding University · $55,865 Manhattan College · $56,540 Messiah University · $41,653 Missouri Baptist University · $44,294 Toccoa Falls College · $42,068 Washington Adventist University · $46,342 Wheaton College (IL) · $51,677 Yeshiva University · $57,881 Central Baptist College · $47,851 Evangel University · $44,432 University of Mobile · $43,697 Williams Baptist University · $49,150 Clark Atlanta University · $45,581 Cairn University - Langhorne · $45,397 Campbellsville University · $43,970 East Texas Baptist University · $46,715 Faulkner University · $44,550 Franciscan University of Steubenville · $44,305 MidAmerica Nazarene University · $52,963 Shaw University · $43,205 American University · $57,566 La Sierra University · $48,942 Sacred Heart University · $58,119 North Park University · $46,973 Simpson University · $47,910 Ashland University · $48,331 Barry University · $47,320 California Baptist University · $44,900 Concordia University - Nebraska · $50,950 Concordia University - Saint Paul · $81,662 Mid-America Christian University · $42,871 Bushnell University · $45,025 Concordia University Wisconsin · $72,475 Eastern University · $50,748 Seton Hall University · $51,041 Vanguard University of Southern California · $46,471 Pepperdine University · $52,825 Abilene Christian University · $49,194 North Greenville University · $49,668 Saint Leo University · $45,717 Lee University · $46,939 Newman University · $50,691 Saint Martin's University · $46,361 Chapman University · $52,929 Lindsey Wilson College · $41,609 Saint Vincent College · $49,629 Salve Regina University · $55,927 Oakland City University · $46,720 Emmanuel College · $50,063 Ouachita Baptist University · $42,826 Seton Hill University · $50,473 Southern Adventist University · $51,474 Colorado Christian University · $59,608 Mercer University · $52,445 Saint Louis University · $55,217 Waynesburg University · $44,447 Loyola University Chicago · $53,689 University of Dubuque · $73,715 Louisiana Christian University · $49,664 Gordon College · $38,467 Touro University · $46,591 University of Sioux Falls · $48,322 Marquette University · $55,204 Trevecca Nazarene University · $47,684 Malone University · $45,366 The Master's University and Seminary · $47,849 Carson-Newman University · $45,539 Gardner-Webb University · $38,879 Geneva College · $40,173 University of Mary · $53,847 Benedictine University · $51,539 Brewton-Parker College · $50,369 Immaculata University · $49,141 Walsh University · $49,369 Maranatha Baptist University · $48,145 University of Scranton · $57,776 North Carolina Wesleyan University · $39,836 Concordia University - Irvine · $45,790 Mount Mercy University · $50,551 Regis University · $50,627 Saint Joseph's College of Maine · $47,931 Shorter University · $42,853 Wayland Baptist University · $47,092 Marywood University · $54,299 Mercyhurst University · $47,684 Mount St. Mary's University · $59,771 University of Northwestern - St Paul · $41,898 George Fox University · $38,151 Grace College and Theological Seminary · $49,458 University of Mount Olive · $45,324 Loyola University Maryland · $59,223 Point Loma Nazarene University · $48,002 Samford University · $54,666 Xavier University · $54,599 Houston Christian University · $52,153 Oral Roberts University · $43,989 Saint John's University (NY) · $56,979 Central Christian College of Kansas · $48,219 Martin Luther College · $74,437 Catholic University of America · $49,538 Holy Cross College · $47,535 Campbell University · $50,657 Emory & Henry University · $45,876 Mount Vernon Nazarene University · $44,624 Concordia University - Chicago · $44,480 Northwest Nazarene University · $34,936 St. Mary's University · $49,614 Freed-Hardeman University · $51,071 Concordia University Texas · $50,318 Palm Beach Atlantic University · $38,306 Valparaiso University · $55,921 Cornerstone University · $46,448 Indiana Wesleyan University · $42,704 Saint Edward's University · $49,674 Seattle Pacific University · $45,015 Corban University · $44,450 Belmont University · $50,596 Dallas Baptist University · $48,764 North Central University · $44,264 University of the Incarnate Word · $47,845 Bryan College - Dayton · $45,682 Hardin-Simmons University · $48,393 Lubbock Christian University · $59,832 Morris College · $39,443 Southwestern Christian University · $45,728 Southwest Baptist University · $44,226 Northwest University · $54,768 Saint Mary's University of Minnesota · $53,963 University of Saint Thomas (TX) · $48,487 Wisconsin Lutheran College · $53,734 Rochester University · $46,155 Union Adventist University · $52,999 Benedictine College · $41,225 Central Methodist University · $48,824 Blue Mountain Christian University · $69,456 Grand View University · $46,804 Southeastern Baptist Theological Seminary · $82,756 Southern Nazarene University · $47,894 Hampton University · $52,442 Elon University · $60,787 Hofstra University · $54,305 Ithaca College · $52,363 Stetson University · $47,464 Bradley University · $56,226 University of Miami · $55,589 University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill · $52,463 University of Georgia · $56,326 University of Washington · $47,211 North Carolina State University · $56,068 Virginia Tech · $58,795 Pennsylvania State University · $55,441 University of California, Davis · $53,042 Ohio State University · $51,385 Clemson University · $52,081 University of Colorado Boulder · $56,150 Florida State University · $53,599 Binghamton University · $47,445 University of California, Santa Barbara · $38,331 Santa Clara University · $67,273 Southern Methodist University · $63,518 Texas Christian University · $57,480 Washington & Lee University · $64,856 Wellesley College · $55,988 Haverford College · $57,084 Davidson College · $61,712 Carleton College · $57,132 Hamilton College · $58,025 Colgate University · $61,050 College of the Holy Cross · $65,024 Grinnell College · $54,271 University of Southern California · $67,529 Tufts University · $62,513 Emory University · $81,508 New York University · $57,814 Boston University · $54,145 Lehigh University · $68,963 Northeastern University · $57,099 Wake Forest University · $67,720 University of Rochester · $55,772 Case Western Reserve University · $56,892 UCLA · $51,251 University of Virginia · $61,698 Purdue University · $60,308 University of Florida · $44,101 University of Texas at Austin · $55,110 University of California, San Diego · $44,216 University of Wisconsin - Madison · $53,229 William & Mary · $59,402 Georgetown University · $66,597 Boston College · $56,512 Williams College · $60,756 Amherst College · $61,993 Pomona College · $60,521 Swarthmore College · $62,563 Bowdoin College · $62,973 Barnard College · $61,009 Colby College · $62,419 Middlebury College · $61,975 Stanford University · $71,257 Princeton University · $65,844 Yale University · $69,057 Harvard University · $70,698 University of Pennsylvania · $81,496 Duke University · $49,237 Cornell University · $64,575 Brown University · $64,658 Dartmouth · $75,613 Columbia University · $59,813 Rice University · $66,168 Northwestern University · $64,356 University of Chicago · $67,952 Washington University in St Louis · $60,668 University of Notre Dame · $50,375 Art & Music: mean $52,752 Liberal Arts: mean $51,509 Public University: mean $48,959 Religious University: mean $49,300 Private University: mean $53,931 Top 61–100: mean $56,052 Top 21–60: mean $59,878 Top 20: mean $65,451 All colleges: p10 $43,283 All colleges: p90 $61,009
Each dot = a college · y = degree-weighted earnings

Majors in this category

Major Colleges Degrees Male/Female Intl Earnings Employment
Religion 567 4,638 53% / 47% 2% $49,899 93%
Religious Studies 224 981 53% / 47% 2% $52,658 94%
Theology 83 465 55% / 45% 3% $51,416 93%
Biblical Studies 54 407 68% / 32% 1% $48,438 91%
Ministry 29 399 40% / 60% 1% $49,360 94%
Christian Studies 45 267 58% / 42% 1% $47,970 94%
Religion/Religious Studies 94 263 44% / 56% 2% $51,367 94%
Bible/Biblical Studies 33 238 67% / 33% 0% $46,391 94%
Religion 53 177 45% / 55% 2% $55,471 93%
Youth Ministry 42 155 51% / 49% 2% $46,674 96%
Religious/Sacred Music 27 118 52% / 48% 1% $47,056 93%
Religious Education 22 116 37% / 63% 2% $46,183 98%
Divinity/Ministry 10 110 69% / 31% 2% $45,577 92%
Christian Ministry 12 108 62% / 38% 1% $48,833 96%
Theology/Theological Studies 22 101 41% / 59% 3% $48,762 89%
Jewish/Judaic Studies 32 73 29% / 71% 1% $55,584 92%
Pastoral Ministry 10 69 65% / 35% 1% $44,482 96%
Pastoral Studies/Counseling 14 67 55% / 45% 4% $46,564 94%
Biblical and Theological Studies 1 51 61% / 39% 0% $45,076 100%
Lay Ministry 12 42 40% / 60% 0% $43,777 93%
Missions/Missionary Studies 27 41 22% / 78% 0% $46,355 92%
Worship Ministry 13 38 47% / 53% 0% $51,660
Missions 12 36 33% / 67% 0% $51,816 100%
Ministry Leadership 1 30 47% / 53% 0% $32,647 82%
Pre-Theology 5 29 90% / 10% 0% $57,617 84%
Ministry Studies 5 28 68% / 32% 0% $50,046 89%
Pre-Ministry 2 28 100% / 0% 0% $58,802 100%
Theology and Religious Vocations 12 26 69% / 31% 4% $47,464 100%
Religion and Cultural Studies 1 14 36% / 64% 0% $48,435
Theological and Ministerial Studies 3 12 25% / 75% 0% $54,649 96%
World Missions 1 11 55% / 45% 0% $54,171
Worship Arts and Ministry 1 11 45% / 55% 0% $51,423
Specialized Ministry 2 10 50% / 50% 0% $46,086 94%
Biblical Counseling 1 9 22% / 78% 0% $80,599
Religious Vocations 1 9 44% / 56% 0% $41,970
Urban Ministry 6 8 50% / 50% 0% $46,234 85%
Worship Arts 3 8 38% / 62% 0% $46,490 85%
Pastoral Ministries 2 8 75% / 25% 0% $45,069 93%
Family Ministry 1 7 0% / 100% 0% $43,740
Pre-Ministerial Studies 1 7 71% / 29% 0% $44,152 86%
Religion and Culture 1 7 57% / 43% 0% $58,795
Judaic Studies 2 6 17% / 83% 0% $47,132
Religious Music and Worship 2 6 50% / 50% 0% $45,922
Church Music 4 5 40% / 60% 0% $45,374
Church Administration 1 5 60% / 40% 0% $45,948
Pastoral Counseling and Specialized Ministries 3 4 50% / 50% 0% $49,913
Pre-Theology/Pre-Ministerial Studies 2 4 75% / 25% 0% $54,984 96%
Christian Missions 1 3 100% / 0% 0% $41,614
Pre-Seminary Studies 1 3 67% / 33% 0% $45,357
Student Ministry 1 3 100% / 0% 0% $81,092
Catholic Studies 2 2 50% / 50% 0%
Pre-Theology/Pre-Ministerial 2 2 100% / 0% 0% $43,754
Theology and Ministerial Studies 2 2 50% / 50% 0% $59,816
Pastoral Counseling 1 2 100% / 0% 0% $44,322 96%
Islamic Studies 4 1 0% / 100% 0% $55,557
Pre-Ministry Studies 2 1 100% / 0% 0% $45,646
Christian Education 1 1 100% / 0% 0% $43,983
Jewish Studies 1 1 0% / 100% 0% $57,217
Theological Studies 1 1 100% / 0% 0% $52,800
Theology and Religious Studies 1 1 100% / 0% 0% $54,570
Youth and Family Ministry 1 1 100% / 0% 0% $44,694